Do you like rum?” “Yes, I do.” “Do you like rye?” “Not so much.” I was curious but not overly concerned when I was given the chance to  drink a combination of three Caribbean-aged rums and three aged rye whiskeys that had been infused with bespoke bitters and macerated fresh organic ginger. Stimulus The recipe was inspired by the American Revolution (1765-1791). During this period in history, there was a colonial boycott of British rum from the Caribbean, motivating the colonials to start distilling rye whiskey. Rum was the preferred beverage of the period and many mixed the rye with the rum to stretch the rum. CarefulAs a wine writer, I approach a new release with caution. I look for color. Unfortunately, the dark opaque bottle kept the hue enigmatic. Then I studied the label. A bit off-putting as it displays an open scissor and a thimble. My nose was anxious to smell the contents. Fortuitously there was a reward waiting for me. The aroma presented one of my favorite drinks – rum, with overtones of cherry, cinnamon, and honey. Carefully I poured a small amount of Hercules into my glass. I am a cautious drinker and there is no need to be wasteful. The liquid in the glass presents a lovely light goldenrod hue and with air to breathe, the aroma sends delicious whispers of honey, spice, and rum to my nose. Anxiously I take a small sip and…it is absolutely delicious; this is heaven in a bottle. I poured a little more for me, and then shared it, straight up, with my guests, filling their glasses almost to the brim. Yes, I was being generous, but this is a taste experience that must be shared and shared with generosity. When is the perfect time to sip? Just about always. It is perfectly paired with a hot black tea or demi-tasse coffee on a long winter evening. Delicious enough to stand on its own or over a few ice cubes; it is too good to mix with anything else. What’s The Story? Okay. No more mysteries. Hercules Mulligan Rum and Rye pays homage to an Irish immigrant who was a friend of Alexander Hamilton (1770s), became an entrepreneur, as well as a spy and hero of the American Revolution. Mulligan was one of the first colonists to join the Sons of Liberty (founded to advance the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government), and the New York Committee of Correspondence (members corresponded with each other to express ideas, to confirm mutual assistance and coordinate resistance to British imperial policy). Hamilton suggested Mulligan become a spy for the Continental Army. He had proximity to the enemy (British military). As a bespoke tailor, he outfitted the high-ranking officers and New Yori’s super-rich at his shop located in lower Manhattan (1774). By flattering them, stroking their egos, offering them Spirits, and asking the right questions, he gained insight into the enemy’s movements. He could figure out the British actions by noting when the officers needed their uniforms returned. After gaining information he sent his slave to ride to Washington’s headquarters with the information. On two separate occasions, his information prevented General Washington from death and/or defeat. OriginatorsHercules Mullins is produced at a craft distillery in Upstate New York. Mario Mazza is responsible for making and bottling the spirit at Five & 20 Spirits & Brewing, a family-owned distillery in Westfield, Chautauqua County. Steve Luttmann, a New York City drinks entrepreneur and the founder of Rum & Rye is also credited with creating LeblonCachaça. Previously he was Senior Vice President of Marketing at LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton in New York (2002-2005). He has also been associated with Unilever where he was responsible for product introductions in South America and various divisions in the US, Brazil, and Austria, and was the Marketing Director for Lipton Tea & Beverage. Luttmann obtained his MBA from NYU’s Stern School of Business (1992) and graduated from Penn State with a BS in Finance and Economics (1987). Grisa Soba, the co-founder of online drinks distributor, Flaviar, is from Slovenia and grew up in the beverage industry as her father was employed in Slovenia’s largest brewery. He became more immersed in the industry as he trained himself in distilling, creating his own absinthe and vodka. As an advertising executive, he worked on the Pernod Ricard account in Europe. Ryan Malkin is an alcohol beverage and cannabis industry attorney who has been associated with Pernod Ricard. Malkin has also been an Assistant District Attorney in Manhattan, prosecuting white-collar crimes, and a staff writer for SmartMoney, specializing in travel and hospitality writing with a focus on the beverage alcohol industry. Hercules Mulligan Rum & Rye was inspired by Ron Chernow’s biography of Alexander Hamilton, one of America’s Founding Fathers. The book also provided the spark for Lin-Manuel Miranda’s award-winning Broadway musical, Hamilton. 

The fruit of the vine is one of the seven blessed fruit varieties found in the land of Israel, according to the book of Deuteronomy. According to the Book of Numbers, Moses sent spies to scope out the Promised Land. They returned with clusters of grapes so large that they had to be suspended from a pole and carried by two men. Today, both Carmel Winery and the Government of Israel use this image as their logo. The grapes were selected to symbolize that the land flowed with milk and honey; the vine links one of the blessings of the Promised Land –the promise to the children of Israel. Then came King David (3000 BCE, approximately) who is reported to have had an extensive wine cellar with a staffer assigned to selecting wines for his meals (the world’s first sommelier?). Wine production was halted in 600 BCE by an Islamic invasion and the vineyards of Israel were destroyed. Monks living in monasteries and Jewish communities practicing religious rites were permitted to include wine for sacramental purposes – but – nothing else. Wine from Israel was exported to Rome during the Roman period and the industry was temporarily revitalized during the control of the Crusaders (1100-1300). Although wine restarted briefly, the invasion and control of the Ottoman Empire (1517-1917) put a full stop to wine production in Israel for 400 years. It was not until the 19th century (1848) that a winery was opened in Israel by Yitzhak Shor; unfortunately, the wine was exclusively used for religious purposes. Finally, French-born Baron Edmond James de Rothschild recognized the opportunity for the wine industry in Israel and the rest is history. The Rothschilds know about wine – this is the family behind the Bordeaux, France, Château Lafite Rothschild. Their billion-dollar investments (starting in 1877) included vineyards as well as educational opportunities so that residents could learn how to make quality wine in the country. The impetus and support of the Rothschild family sparked the Israeli wine industry and Carmel Wine Company was started in 1895, selling wines of Rishon LeZion and Zichron Ya’akov, establishing the modern-day wines of Israel. During the early 1900s, Israel was focused on independence (in May 1948, Israel officially declared an independent state) and winemaking was halted. Finally, in the 1970s, it was resumed and modern winemaking techniques were introduced making wine for enjoyment and not just an alcoholic beverage for religious purposes. In the 1980s California experts were brought to Israel to introduce up-to-date techniques that impacted positively on the winery and in the vineyard. In the 2000s Israeli wine became terroir-driven making wine from single vineyards as well as identifying and separating characteristics from individual plots within a vineyard. Israel harvests approximately 60,000 tons of wine grapes and produces over 40 million bottles of wine yearly. The industry supports 70+ commercial wineries and the ten largest wineries control over 90 percent of the production. Exports are valued at $70+ million. Over 55 percent of the exports head to the USA, approximately 35 percent is directed to Europe and the remainder is shipped to the Far East. Attributes of IsraelIsrael is an Eastern Mediterranean country bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west and surrounded by Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt to the north, west, and south. The land mass is approximately 7,992 sq. miles and stretches 263 miles from north to south, supporting a population of 8.5 million people. The mountain ranges include Mount Hermon/Golan Heights, Mount Meron in Upper Galilee, and the Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth. The combination of sun, hills, and mountainous areas features soils of limestone, terra rossa (reddish, clay to silty soil with neutral pH conditions with good drainage characteristics), and volcanic tuff creating a winemaking paradise. The fertile part of the country has a Mediterranean climate consisting of long hot dry summers and short cool rainy winters with snow occasionally appearing on the higher elevations, especially the Golan Heights, Upper Galilee and Judean Hills. The Negev Desert covers more than half the country and there are semi-arid areas. The major impact of the climate is the Mediterranean Sea with winds, rain, and humidity coming from the west. Rain in the winter is very limited and because of rain shortages during the growing season, drip feed irrigation is essential. This technique was pioneered by the Israelis in the early 1960s and is now used throughout the world. In the VineyardMost vineyards planted in the last 25 years conform to a standard: 1.5 meters between vines and 3 meters between rows. The usual vineyard density is 2220 vines per hectare. There is a preference for mechanical harvesting allowing a night harvest to be completed in a few hours, at the optimum time, and brought to the winery in the cool temperature of early morning. Canopy management is very important in a hot country and it is necessary to reduce the vigor of the vines and protect the grapes from over-exposure. Most vineyards are cordon spur pruned in a VSP vertical shoot position. Some older vineyards are planted in a goblet, bush vine format, and in the Judean Hills, some vineyards are planted in stone-lined terraces. The older vineyards may not need irrigation as the roots of the vines have dug deep into the stony soil over the years and receive the water required. These vines are hand harvested. Wine RenaissanceCurrently, Carmel is the largest winery in Israel, controls almost 50 percent of the local market, and is the third largest Israeli industrial company by sales volume (Dunn & Bradstreet, Israel), with sales of $59.2 million and an annual growth rate of 5 percent +/-. Carmel produces almost 20 million bottles a year; the closest competitor is Barkan-Segal winery. Carmel had a humble beginning. The organization started in 1895 and exported wines to Poland, Austria, Great Britain, and the US. In 1902, Carmel Mizrahi was started in Palestine to market and distribute wines to the cities of the Ottoman Empire. By

Born in Bra, his skillset was proper when he and his colleagues formed the Friends of Barolo Association. The group produced a catalog of wines, including data sheets with a narration of each label that eventually became the Vini d’Italia guide. Wine Enters PoliticsIn Italy, Petrini viewed the emerging American fast-food movement in horror. He saw the decline threatening local food traditions, and the appreciation of “good food” was disappearing. In retaliation, he started a counteroffensive in Italy (1986), pushing against opening a McDonald’s near the historic Spanish Steps in Rome. In the same year (1986), 23 people died drinking wine adulterated with methyl alcohol (a chemical found in antifreeze). This poisoning rocked the Italian wine industry and forced the suspension of all wine exports until the wines could be certified as safe. The deaths directly resulted from consuming Italian wines with methyl, or wood, alcohol to raise the wines’ alcohol content to an average of 12 percent. The contamination was not found in quality Italian wines usually exported to the USA under labels marked as DOC (Denominazione de Origine Controllata), referencing Italian laws controlling quality wines from the vineyard through production and sale. The scandal was attached to cheap bulk wines sold to neighboring European countries for mixing with their local wines. The inexpensive, unpedigreed wines sold as vina di tavola for regional export and local consumption at bargain rates were so inexpensive that only adulterated wines could be profitable. However, the horrific nature of the crime leeched through the entire Italian wine industry, and the episode smeared every wine product and producer. As a result of the poisoning, Denmark banned all Italian wine imports, following in the footsteps of West Germany and Belgium. Switzerland seized over 1 million gallons of suspect wine, and France seized 4.4 million gallons, announcing it would destroy at least 1.3 million gallons found to have been tainted. Government warnings were sent to consumers in Britain and Austria. Everyone, everywhere, challenged the credibility of Italian wine, raising new awareness of the industry across all sectors. Getting Over ItWhen France and Germany identified and confiscated large quantities of tainted wine, the Italian Agriculture Ministry issued a decree that all Italian wines had to be certified by a government laboratory and carry a certification document before being exported. This requirement further froze Italian wine exports, and the government admitted that out of 12,585 samples, 274 had been found to contain illegal quantities of methyl alcohol (NY Times, April 9, 1986). In 1988, Arcigola Slow Food and Gambero Rosso published the first edition of the Vini d’Italia guide. This document was followed in 1992 with the first edition of Guida al Vino Quotidiano (Guide to Daily Wine), which included reviews of the best Italian wines from the value-for-money perspective. It became a valuable aid for daily wine selections. At the start of the 21st century (2004), the Wine Bank was developed to promote Italian wine heritage through training courses and protecting wines destined for aging. Three years later (2007), Vignerons d’Europe, in Montpelier, the Salon du Gout et des Saveurs d’Origine celebrated 100 years since the revolt of the Languedoc winegrowers. The first edition of the Vinerons d’Europe united hundreds of European winemakers in a debate over the challenges created by an ever more globalized world, acknowledging the growing crisis facing the wine industry from the perspective of economic impact and the public face of Italian wines. A Monumental Change. Slow WineUp to this point, wines were reviewed numerically. From Robert Parker and similar reviews, consumers learned to read the numbers, and the higher the Parker score, the more likely the purchase of that specific wine would be made. In addition, current vineyard practices included using (abusing) fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides to combat pests, diseases, and mildew that impacted wine productivity. However, synthetic herbicides wreak havoc on the environment and degrade the soil and land, making it unusable, causing water runoff, pollution, loss of soil productivity, and other environmental hazards. Enter the Slow Wine movement with grassroots, global wine emissaries who prioritize the conservation of natural resources through land stewardship. In 2011, the Slow Wine Guide was published, shifting the focus from the numeric value of wines to the macro environment that includes factual details of wineries, the producers, and production areas. The Guide was applauded for being more than a list of significant players; it moved consumers’ attention from numbers/point scores to describing the winemaking style and agronomic techniques employed.  In 2012 Slow Wine Tours were introduced and included visits to wineries in New York, Chicago, and San Francisco. In the following years, wineries in Germany, Denmark, Japan, Canada, and Slovenia (2017). In 2018 California was visited, and 50 wineries were reviewed. In 2019 Oregon was included, followed by Washington State. Most recently, the Slow Wine movement reviews wineries in China, including Ningxia, Xinyang, Shandong, Hebei, Gansu, Yunnan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Tibet. Alliance The Slow Wine Coalition was formed in 2021. It is an international network knitting together all segments of the wine industry. This new wine association started a revolution based on environmental sustainability, the defense of the landscape, and the socio-cultural growth of the countryside. The organization produced a Manifesto with a focus on good, clean, fair wine. Importance of Slow Wine Movement: Road MapIt is a challenge to enter a wine shop, walk the wine aisles in a supermarket or peruse an online wine-seller website. There are hundreds (perhaps thousands) of wines from every part of the planet and a vast array of price points, reviews, and opinions. How is the consumer going to know how to make a wise decision? Is the consumer interested in color (red, white, or rose), fizz or flat, taste, price, country of origin, sustainability, and/or a myriad of other questions that impact the purchase and the taste experience. The Slow Wine Guide offers a roadmap to the wine buyer, clearly and concisely presenting farming practices, and advocating for wineries that follow the ideology (pesticide free).

Despite numerous challenges, ranging from terroir to politics, the Israelis have managed to surmount these obstacles and achieve remarkable success. In a two-part series, I delve into the hurdles faced by the pioneers of the Israeli wine industry. From the very foundation of their vineyards to the intricacies of international diplomacy, these obstacles have tested their resilience and determination. However, what is truly inspiring is how they have emerged triumphant, carving out a distinct place for themselves on the global wine stage. In the first part of the series, I explore the unique terroir challenges encountered by Israeli winemakers. The diverse landscape, climatic variations, and soil composition have posed significant hurdles, demanding innovative approaches and meticulous attention to detail. Despite these complexities, the Israeli vintners have demonstrated remarkable adaptability and resourcefulness, crafting exceptional wines that reflect their distinct sense of place. The second part of the series focuses on one particular winery that has achieved extraordinary recognition on a global scale. This winery has managed to overcome the barriers that many others have faced. Through a combination of visionary leadership, unparalleled craftsmanship, and a deep understanding of consumer preferences, they have established themselves as a beacon of excellence within the Israeli wine industry. I believe this two-part series will offer valuable insights and shed light on the remarkable journey of the Israeli wine industry. It serves as a testament to the resilience and determination of these winemakers, who have not only overcome challenges but also flourished in the face of adversity. A Great Wine. It “Happens” to be Made in Israel Eran Goldwasser, Winemaker, Yatir Wine  Israel’s winemaking industry has seen notable growth and recognition; however, it faces challenges when it comes to achieving global success. There are a few reasons why being good or great is not always enough to guarantee success for Israeli winemakers: Market Competition: The global wine market is highly competitive, with established wine-producing countries like France, Italy, Spain, and others dominating the industry. Israeli wines often have to compete with well-established and well-known brands from these countries, making it challenging to gain market share and recognition. https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?gdpr=0&client=ca-pub-0354349613023605&output=html&h=280&adk=3879918379&adf=345144245&pi=t.aa~a.1409630190~i.19~rp.4&w=730&abgtt=3&fwrn=4&fwrnh=100&lmt=1719294718&num_ads=1&rafmt=1&armr=3&sem=mc&pwprc=5971305482&ad_type=text_image&format=730×280&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwines.travel%2Fisraeli-wine-industry-15341%2F&fwr=0&pra=3&rh=183&rw=730&rpe=1&resp_fmts=3&wgl=1&fa=27&uach=WyJXaW5kb3dzIiwiMTAuMC4wIiwieDg2IiwiIiwiMTI2LjAuNjQ3OC42MyIsbnVsbCwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjguMC4wLjAiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTI2LjAuNjQ3OC42MyJdLFsiR29vZ2xlIENocm9tZSIsIjEyNi4wLjY0NzguNjMiXV0sMF0.&dt=1719294711858&bpp=5&bdt=2929&idt=5&shv=r20240618&mjsv=m202406180101&ptt=9&saldr=aa&abxe=1&cookie=ID%3D3798a6fd185f8d17%3AT%3D1719293017%3ART%3D1719294710%3AS%3DALNI_MZS1-DAEf_lA-uDe3NqAKS505pkBg&gpic=UID%3D00000e62d6d1af0f%3AT%3D1719293017%3ART%3D1719294710%3AS%3DALNI_Masp7F5_FvsUUSqGy2jjU5gKb3rZA&eo_id_str=ID%3D78029d9db3d57a43%3AT%3D1719293017%3ART%3D1719294710%3AS%3DAA-AfjY5BUQw0WmT2ou9R1Jtq1AQ&prev_fmts=728×280%2C1130x280%2C0x0%2C300x600%2C730x280&nras=3&correlator=4291622215449&frm=20&pv=1&ga_vid=638153573.1719294710&ga_sid=1719294710&ga_hid=470517265&ga_fc=0&u_tz=330&u_his=6&u_h=768&u_w=1366&u_ah=728&u_aw=1366&u_cd=24&u_sd=1&dmc=4&adx=140&ady=3055&biw=1349&bih=641&scr_x=0&scr_y=637&eid=44759842%2C31084687%2C31084688%2C31084787%2C44795922%2C95329723%2C95331689%2C95331695%2C95334508%2C95334524%2C95334570%2C95334580%2C95334828%2C95335897%2C95335292%2C31078663%2C31078665%2C31078668%2C31078670&oid=2&pvsid=480535464246742&tmod=623653938&uas=3&nvt=1&fc=384&brdim=0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C1366%2C0%2C1366%2C728%2C1366%2C641&vis=1&rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&abl=NS&fu=128&bc=31&bz=1&td=1&tdf=0&psd=W251bGwsbnVsbCwibGFiZWxfb25seV8xIiwxXQ..&nt=1&ifi=8&uci=a!8&btvi=3&fsb=1&dtd=6255 Perception and Reputation: Despite the improving quality of Israeli wines, the perception and reputation of the country’s wine industry can still lag behind other well-known wine regions. Overcoming stereotypes and preconceived notions about the quality of Israeli wines can be a barrier to success in international markets. Limited Production and Distribution: Israel’s wine production is relatively small compared to major wine-producing countries. This limited production can make it difficult for Israeli winemakers to achieve economies of scale and reach wider distribution networks. Exporting wines to international markets can be costly and challenging due to logistical factors and regulatory requirements. Marketing and Branding: Effective marketing and branding play a crucial role in the success of any wine brand. Israeli winemakers may face difficulties in promoting their wines globally due to limited marketing budgets or the need for more sophisticated marketing strategies to build brand awareness and reach new consumers. Despite these challenges, Israeli winemakers continue to produce exceptional wines, and their efforts have started to gain recognition throughout the international wine community. By focusing on quality, innovation, strategic partnerships, and effective marketing, Israeli winemakers are working towards achieving greater success and expanding their presence in the global wine market. Historically Important Israel has a rich history of winemaking that dates back thousands of years. During the time of the Roman Empire (6-135 CE), wine from Israel was highly sought after and exported to Rome and other regions. Some key characteristics of these wines from ancient Israel include: Vintage and Dated Wines: The wines produced in ancient Israel were often vintage-dated and marked with the year of production. This practice allowed consumers to appreciate the age and maturation of the wine, a feature that was highly valued in Roman times. Winemaker’s Name: The amphorae containing the wine had the name of the winemaker inscribed on them. This demonstrated a sense of pride and craftsmanship and allowed consumers to know the origin and reputation of the wine they were enjoying. Thick and Sweet Wines: The taste preferences of the time leaned towards wines that were thick and sweet. These wines were likely produced from grapes that were harvested at a later stage of ripeness, resulting in a higher sugar content and a more viscous texture. The sweetness would have made the wines more palatable to the ancient Roman palate. Water Addition: It was common in the ancient world to dilute wines with water (i.e., warm water, salt water) before consumption. This practice was especially prevalent in Roman culture, where wines were often mixed with varying amounts of water and other ingredients (i.e., herbs and spices; frequently stored in resin-coated containers creating a flavor similar to restina) to achieve a desired taste and alcohol level. The historical significance of Israeli wines during the time of the Roman Empire showcases the country’s long-standing winemaking traditions and expertise. However, as mentioned earlier, even with a strong historical foundation and excellent wines, success in the modern global wine market requires overcoming various challenges related to competition, perception, marketing, and distribution. Nevertheless, the heritage and knowledge passed down through generations of winemakers in Israel continue to be a valuable asset to the country’s wine industry. Ingenuity In addition to centuries of experience, there are other factors that produce great wines – and Israel has them all: Grape Varieties: Israeli wines often feature classic French and Italian grape varieties, similar to those found in other New World wine-producing countries. While there are few wines made from local indigenous grapes, the focus tends to be on internationally recognized varieties. This allows winemakers to leverage the characteristics and qualities associated with these grape varieties, which have been refined and perfected over centuries of winemaking. Mediterranean Climatic Conditions: Israel’s climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and wet winters, which are ideal for grape cultivation. These standard Mediterranean climatic conditions contribute to the development of grapes with concentrated flavors

Despite numerous challenges, ranging from terroir to politics, the Israelis have managed to surmount these obstacles and achieve remarkable success. In a two-part series, I delve into the hurdles faced by the pioneers of the Israeli wine industry. From the very foundation of their vineyards to the intricacies of international diplomacy, these obstacles have tested their resilience and determination. However, what is truly inspiring is how they have emerged triumphant, carving out a distinct place for themselves on the global wine stage. In the first part of the series, I explore the unique terroir challenges encountered by Israeli winemakers. The diverse landscape, climatic variations, and soil composition have posed significant hurdles, demanding innovative approaches and meticulous attention to detail. Despite these complexities, the Israeli vintners have demonstrated remarkable adaptability and resourcefulness, crafting exceptional wines that reflect their distinct sense of place. The second part of the series focuses on one particular winery that has achieved extraordinary recognition on a global scale. This winery has managed to overcome the barriers that many others have faced. Through a combination of visionary leadership, unparalleled craftsmanship, and a deep understanding of consumer preferences, they have established themselves as a beacon of excellence within the Israeli wine industry. I believe this two-part series will offer valuable insights and shed light on the remarkable journey of the Israeli wine industry. It serves as a testament to the resilience and determination of these winemakers, who have not only overcome challenges but also flourished in the face of adversity. Yatir. Pacesetter for Israeli Wines Yatir is located near the Yatir Forest at the southern end of the Judean Hills, an area known for producing outstanding wines throughout history. Yatir has been producing wines since 2004. It was started as a partnership between Carmel Winery and grape growers from three religious settlements: Beit-Yatir, Ma’on, and Carmel. The objective was to create excellent wines that would showcase the best of the Judean Hills terroir, positioning Yatir as a representative of Israeli wines. It continues to maintain its commitment to being kashrut observant and producing kosher wines. Kashrut refers to the set of Jewish dietary laws that dictate which foods and beverages are permissible for consumption according to Jewish tradition. To ensure that the winemaking processes align with the requirements of Jewish dietary laws, Yatir Winery is supervised by an orthodox Jew. This supervisor oversees all aspects of winemaking, from grape harvesting to fermentation, bottling, and storage. The presence of the supervisor is essential to ensure that every step in the winemaking process adheres to kosher standards. One particular aspect of maintaining kosher standards involves preventing visitors from touching anything within the winery, including tools and casks. This practice is implemented to ensure that there is no contamination or mixing of non-kosher elements with kosher wine. By maintaining strict control over the winemaking environment, Yatir Winery aims to produce wines that meet the highest kosher standards. The vineyards of Yatir are meticulously managed, with each plot is irrigated and harvested separately, and monitored individually using computer technology. The winery operates with its own staff, and state-of-the-art facilities, separate from Carmel’s bulk wine production. This separation was driven by a desire to maintain the focus and quality of the Yatir vision, while Carmel worked on rebranding its own products. Currently, Yatir produces approximately 150,000 bottles per year and has gained global recognition in the Kosher wine category, as well as among international experts. The winery’s success is attributed to its dedication to viticulture standards, skilled winemaking, and the unique terroir of the Judean Hills Eran Goldwasser, Yatir Wines Yatir Winery is indeed renowned for its commitment to sustainable farming practices, particularly in viticulture.  The principal winemaker, Eran Goldwasser, plays a crucial role in overseeing the management of the vineyards. Goldwasser’s expertise in Viticulture and Oenology, which he acquired during his studies at the University of Adelaide in Australia, has been instrumental in implementing sustainable farming techniques at Yatir Winery. The University of Adelaide is well-regarded for its viticulture and winemaking programs, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of the industry. Prior to joining Yatir Winery, Eran Goldwasser gained valuable experience working for Southcorp wineries, including renowned brands like Penfolds and Lindemans. Southcorp, an Australian wine company, is recognized globally for its high-quality wines and innovative vineyard management practices. Goldwasser’s experience with Southcorp likely contributed to his knowledge of advanced viticultural techniques and sustainability principles. With his combined expertise in viticulture, oenology, and experience with reputable wineries, Goldwasser has been able to apply his knowledge and skills to develop and implement sustainable farming practices at Yatir Winery. These practices may include soil conservation, water management, biodiversity promotion, and organic farming methods, among others. Wine Notes Yatir Creek. Judean Hills. 2020. Syrah, 84 percent; Carignan, 10 percent; Mourvedre, 5 percent. Aged for 12 months in large oak casks (foudres); 18 months maturation in the bottle. Yatir Creek exhibits deep burgundy hues, indicating its concentration and maturity. The aromas it presents evoke thoughts of black cherry, black currant, cassis, and roasted almonds. These scents contribute to a complex and inviting bouquet. When it comes to taste, the wine offers succulent and fruity flavors that likely showcase dark fruits. The fruitiness is balanced by fine-grained tannins, which lend structure and a slightly salty note to the wine. This combination of flavors and textures creates a harmonious and well-rounded palate. The wine finishes with a tangy sensation, providing a refreshing and lively conclusion to each sip. This tangy finish adds a touch of vibrancy and can enhance the overall enjoyment of the wine. Overall, Yatir Creek Red Blend appears to be a rich and flavorful wine with a balance of fruitiness, tannins, and a tangy finish. It promises to be a pleasant and satisfying wine experience. Yatir Creek White Blend 2020. Chenin Blanc and Viognier grapes. Color: Bright gold with green reflections. This indicates a youthful and vibrant wine. Aroma (Nose): The wine exhibits a range of aromas, including green tea, honeysuckle, apricot, orange zest, and the scents

The abundance of wine across the globe has become a pervasive topic, echoing through news headlines and economic analyses. In Australia, the surplus is measured in staggering volumes, equivalent to 859 Olympic-size swimming pools or a more graspable 2.8 billion bottles. France, in response, earmarks 200 million euros for crisis distillation, transforming excess wine into industrial alcohol—a unique twist to your next Parisian hand sanitizer experience. The United States, too, is not immune, with California showcasing substantial bulk wine stocks and Washington State is graced with surplus vineyards sprawling across thousands of acres. Surplus wine, however, is not a novel predicament. The inherent nature of wine as an agricultural product aligns with the cyclical “cobweb” market theory, predicting periodic surges and slumps. Global surpluses today stem primarily from insufficient demand rather than an oversupply of wine. The issue spans continents and is exacerbated by geopolitical factors like China’s foreign policy impacting Australia’s wine exports and the European Union’s historical price support policies that fueled overproduction. Reflecting on the trajectory of wine consumption, the golden era preceding the 2007 global financial crisis saw a steady rise. However, this ascent plateaued during the crisis and took a further hit during the COVID-19 pandemic, with global consumption now receding to levels not witnessed since the early 2000s. The Generation Gap Hypothesis One proposed explanation, es Baby Boomer generation  pecially in the United States, revolves around the Generation Gap Hypothesis. It posits that the fueled the prolonged surge in wine consumption. However, subsequent generations have not embraced wine with the same fervor, leading to a decline in overall demand. Bridging this gap involves introducing younger audiences to the allure of wine, a challenge complicated by the uniqueness of each generation. This theory raises the complex question of whether Boomers are the norm, and if so, how likely are the circumstances fostering their wine enthusiasm to reoccur. The Life Cycle Hypothesis The Life Cycle Hypothesis proposes a more optimistic outlook. It suggests that generations, although distinct, share similarities in their latent demand for wine, which surfaces at a certain stage in life. Millennials are now approaching this stage, and later generations are expected to follow suit. However, the optimism is tempered by the realization that post-Boomer generations are smaller, making it unlikely for them to match the consumption levels of their predecessors. This hypothesis prompts a call for supply adjustments sooner rather than later. While both generational dynamics and life cycle hypotheses provide valuable insights, the quest for a more comprehensive understanding persists. is there an economic theory underpinning the global wine glut? While there isn’t a single economic theory that perfectly encapsulates the phenomenon of “too much wine,” several economic concepts and theories contribute to our understanding of the global wine glut. 1.Supply and Demand Excess Supply: One straightforward economic explanation is an oversupply of wine relative to demand. Factors such as overproduction due to government policies, changes in export markets, and geopolitical shifts can lead to a surplus of wine. 2. Elasticity of Demand Changing Consumer Preferences: If consumers’ preferences shift away from wine due to cultural changes, health trends, or other factors, the demand for wine could decrease. Understanding the elasticity of demand for wine—how responsive quantity demanded is to changes in price and other factors—helps explain shifts in consumption patterns. 3. Market Failure Information Asymmetry: Market failure, stemming from imperfect information, could be at play. If consumers are not well-informed about the quality or attributes of different wines, it may lead to a situation where producers overproduce certain varieties, contributing to a glut. 4. Globalization International Trade Dynamics: Globalization has interconnected wine markets worldwide. Changes in trade policies, as seen with the impact of Chinese foreign policy on Australian wine exports, can disrupt traditional market dynamics and contribute to oversupply in certain regions. 5.Boom and Bust Cycles Cyclical Nature of Agricultural Markets: Agricultural products, including wine, often experience boom and bust cycles due to factors like weather conditions, technological advancements, and economic trends. The “cobweb” market theory mentioned in the original text reflects the cyclicality inherent in agricultural markets. Government Interventions: Historical price support policies, such as those implemented by the European Union, can distort market dynamics by encouraging overproduction. When governments support prices, producers may lack the incentive to adjust their production levels to match actual demand. 8.Premiumization Trend Value vs. Volume: The shift towards premiumization, where consumers opt for higher-quality and more expensive wines, may result in a discrepancy between the volume of wine produced and its economic value. Understanding this trend is crucial when evaluating the economic dynamics of the wine market. In essence, the global wine glut is a multifaceted issue influenced by a combination of economic forces, market dynamics, and external factors. Analyzing it requires a nuanced understanding of supply and demand dynamics, consumer behavior, trade policies, and the broader economic context. © Dr. Elinor Garely. This copyright article, including photos, may not be reproduced without written permission from the author. 6.  Structural Changes Demographic Shifts: Economic theories related to demographic changes, such as aging populations or shifts in generational preferences, can contribute to an oversupply. For example, if younger generations consume less wine than previous ones, it could lead to a sustained decrease in demand. 7. Price Support Policies

Personally, I do like wine. I enjoy it so much that I write about it, talk about, read about it and frequently dream of vineyard strolls. Wine is a constant source of fascination for me. Recently, issues within the wine industry have raised alarms making the decision to invest hanging in a gray area. From climate change to soil quality due to pesticides and climate change impacts on the budding and grape harvests, to shifts in consumer behavior. Pandemic lockdowns, I naively thought, would fuel a global exploration of  wines, but this has not materialized. In fact, in some market segments, there is a serious decline in consumer interest. Fueled by my passion and belief in the industry’s resilience, I consulted my investment broker and wine futures. Whie did not explicitly dissuade me, his cautious advice, urging me to “rethink” this strategy, resonated deeply. My subsequent research unveiled a complex reality, the potential rewards of wine futures were indeed enticing, but the inherent risks were equally sobering. Wine is more than a delicious beverage with heady aromas, wine transcends mere beverage status. It fuels a multi-billion-dollar industry, intricately woven into the economic fabric of countless communities worldwide. This industry impacts and employs millions across cities, states, and entire countries. Wine is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages consumed around the world. In 2023, the global wine market was valued at US$ 333 billion. It is expected to grow annually at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2 percent through 2027, at which time a little over half of all spending, and 26 percent of volume consumption, will be for out-or-home consumption (i.e., bars and restaurants) (benchmarkcorporate.com/2023-global-wine-market report). The idea of investing in wine futures is very seductive. The chance to acquire coveted wines at pre-release prices, potentially enjoying both enjoyment and financial reward as they age, holds a special appeal. The question: Is now the optimal time to invest in wine futures? There is no simple answer. Several factors intertwine in to create a complex investment package, influence by market conditions, vintage quality, producer reputation and individual circumstances. What are wine futures? When I buy wine futures it means that I am purchasing the “rights” to receive a specific quantity of wine at a predetermined price at a future date. Typically, this means that I have the intention of selling the wine at a profit once it has matured. Minimum Investment Requirements Wineries or wine merchants offering wine futures often impose minimum purchase requirements, which can range from a few hundred to several thousand dollars per case. The specific minimum investment will be determined by the policies of the individual winery. Number of Cases When I purchase wine futures, I have to decide on the quantity of cases I intend to invest in. Some investors opt for diversification by acquiring futures from multiple wineries or vineyards to spread risk. The benefits of diversification include the spreading of risk when buying from various producers and regions in order to mitigate the impact of a single poor vintage or unexpected event. A wider selectin also allows the opportunity to explore winemaking styles and even discover hidden treasures. Diversification may require a larger initial investment as multiple cases across different sources can quickly increase the upfront costs. Managing and storing numerous cases from various origins can be complex and expensive. In addition, spreading investments may limit potential gains on any single producer or vintage. Brokerage or Transaction Fees Check for any associated brokerage or transaction fees when purchasing wine futures. Some intermediaries may charge fees for facilitating the transaction, impacting the overall cost of your investment. Consideration for Additional Costs Anticipate potential additional costs, including shipping fees, taxes, or customs duties if importing the wine. A comprehensive understanding of all associated costs ensures a more accurate evaluation of your investment. What are the Risks? Market Volatility Like any investment, the wine market can experience fluctuations including economic downturns, changing consumer preferences, or unforeseen events may impact the value of wine futures. Lack of Liquidity Wine futures are not as liquid as traditional financial assets. Selling an investment might be challenging, especially if market conditions are unfavorable or if there is a limited demand for the specific wine being held. Long-Term Commitment Wine futures often require a considerable waiting period until maturity. This means tying up funds for an extended period, and changes in personal circumstances or financial needs might affect the ability to hold onto the investment. Quality Variability The quality of wine can be influenced by various factors such as weather conditions, vineyard practices, and winemaking techniques. A poor vintage or unexpected issues in production can impact the value of the investment. Price per Bottle/Case The cost per bottle or case of wine varies based on factors such as quality, reputation, and rarity. High-end or rare wines may command higher prices. It is important to evaluate the price per bottle and calculate the total investment based on the desired quantity. Storage Costs and Risks Proper storage is crucial for maintaining the quality and value of wine. Storage facilities come with associated costs, and factors like temperature fluctuations or improper handling can affect the condition of the wine. Regulatory Changes Wine investments may be subject to regulatory changes, and compliance with local laws is crucial. This is a very complex segment of the industry and it takes time and money to stay informed about any legal requirements related to wine futures in your jurisdiction. Global Events and Supply Chain Disruptions External factors, such as climate change, trade tensions, or logistical challenges, can affect the entire wine industry. Because of the volatility of the global economy, it is complex to stay aware of global events and their potential impact on wine production, distribution, and pricing. Currency Fluctuations Investing in wines from different regions of the world? It is critical to consider the impact of currency fluctuations on the overall value of the investment. Is There a Future in Wine Futures? Investing in wine

In 2024, the worldwide wine industry will face a significant challenge following the 2023 harvest, which recorded the lowest volume in 6 decades. This alarming development not only poses a threat to wine availability and prices but also prompts a deeper analysis of the contributing factors. Climate Change Impact Global data highlights a substantial reduction in yield across major wine-producing regions, with some areas experiencing declines of 30-40% compared to average years. The spotlight is on climate change, as unpredictable weather patterns, unseasonable frosts, heatwaves, and prolonged droughts disrupt the delicate balance needed for optimal grape growth. The unprecedented production drop in 2023 mirrors challenges not witnessed since the mid-20th century. Compounding Factors: Labor Shortages and Pandemic Fallout A convergence of challenges intensifies the situation. Labor shortages, exacerbated by the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, disrupt the industry’s workforce. Supply chain disruptions and increased production costs add further strain, hindering the wine industry’s ability to maintain consistent output levels. Economic and Social Implications Economically, the scarcity of wine is poised to drive increased prices, impacting consumers and businesses. Regions heavily dependent on the wine industry may face potential downturns in revenue and profitability. Socially, communities relying on viticulture for their livelihoods experience the ripple effects of the reduced harvest. Navigating the Crossroads The wine industry stands at a critical juncture, compelled to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Strategies may include exploring new grape varieties resilient to climate change, adopting innovative farming techniques, and reevaluating supply chain strategies. This situation underscores the urgency for broader environmental action, pushing for sustainable practices and policies. Pivotal Moment and Silver Lining Despite uncertainties, a silver lining emerges – the anticipated reduction in production levels presents an opportunity for the industry to recalibrate and adapt, fostering resilience in the face of adversity. Global Oversupply Challenge Australian wineries, facing over two years of inventory, are grappling with a surplus of 256 million cases of wine. The EU’s allocation of funds to destroy excess wine highlights the magnitude of the challenge, impacting major wine companies worldwide. Factors such as increased global wine production, technological advances, and geopolitical shifts have contributed to this oversupply. Shifting Consumer Trends Changing consumer demographics, particularly among Gen Y and Z, indicate a shift away from traditional wine consumption. Lower wine consumption, coupled with increased competition from other  beverages, challenges the industry to adapt to evolving preferences. The hope for new markets in Russia and China diminish due to economic factors and geopolitical tensions. Industry Reflection While some premium wine categories continue to thrive, overall wine consumption faces challenges in a world where excessive Drinking is socially unacceptable. Health arguments for wine have not gained traction, and the industry must grapple with lower demand and the need for creative solutions to reshape its trajectory. In conclusion, the global wine industry must navigate a complex landscape marked by environmental challenges, oversupply issues, and changing consumer behaviors. Strategic adaptations, sustainability initiatives, and a renewed understanding of consumer trends will be key to shaping the industry’s future impact on the world stage.